If we succeed at the change we seek, Nigerians will not be living in poverty, and the first step is to get everyone to prefer integrity over corruption. Someone once said the chief indicator of whether Nigeria has changed for the better in its governance and service delivery is if you find order and discipline on Nigerian roads in response to a traffic build-up. If not, whatever change you have observed is merely superficial. We need not only the whole government, but the whole of society to do the right things and do things right.  We urgently need an #IntegrityMovement.

Why is the reaction of motorists to traffic build-up on Nigerian roads a good indicator of the depth of change in Nigeria? Consider this scenario: You have been held up by unexpected ‘go-slow’ for a while, drivers have patiently stayed in their lane, and you are impressed for just a microsecond with their discipline. One “smart” Nigerian suddenly pulls out of the lane and creates a new one, driving straight to the front, creating a new parallel lane. You know what comes next: others start to follow, and the new lane formed soon appears to be just as legitimate as the official one marked out on the road with white paint, which everyone kept to initially. From experience, Nigerians know that those who go with this “wrong” lane will not only get out of the traffic before the law-abiding ones but also get away with it. “Smarter” Nigerians then start yet another lane, and yet more lanes are formed until there is nowhere for oncoming traffic to go, and a real traffic jam now develops that could take hours to unravel. 

This traffic scenario is a metaphor for the malaise in Nigeria’s governance and service delivery, where people corruptly convert public goods or the proceeds thereof for their benefit simply because they can, and there is not likely to be any consequence as a result. Others copy them, enrich themselves, and pressure builds in society as even people without a reliable track record try to grab public benefits, to have a shot at this game. Some tell you to move over; it's now their turn! In other cases, some have managed to transform themselves into gatekeepers, nominating their candidate into a position in exchange for continuing to get a share of the proceeds of office. Challengers emerge promising they will treat public property differently, but they demonstrate little else as evidence that their word would be their bond. We-the-people have allowed this.

We typically see five behaviours in the traffic scenario:

• The Rebels are quick to throw away the proper order and create their illegal lanes, and these generally are immediately followed by 
• Opportunists that reckon, “it's going to be hard for the traffic police to arrest all of us, so I will go free, I didn’t start it, but I would be a fool not to take advantage of it.” 
• We also see those who at first refuse to join in; they see others doing it and presumably gaining an advantage over them. They throw their hands up in the air, sigh and say, “if you can’t beat them, join them, " believing that this is the only rational response for anyone who wants to survive in Nigeria. They are the Survivalists. Survivalists join in the new lane but are also the ones who would, at the sight of anyone in uniform, immediately start to try to squeeze back into the right lane. 
• The Moralists huff and puff, hiss at, swear at, and in great anger, make a futile attempt to use their cars to block the path of those trying to form a new lane, but that’s all they ever do about it. 
• The very few would park their cars and try to do something about the situation so everyone could get home. They try to unravel the jam and assist the authorities in getting things back to normal. Usually, this is at a high cost to their schedules and risks of bodily harm from reckless and lawless drivers.  Let us refer to them as the Principled. 

This is the range of attitudes we-the-people exhibit even when our commonwealth is being stolen by a few rebels and opportunists in positions of responsibility in governance and service delivery. Some of us become survivalists and adapt by conforming to the demands of the new norms, while many moralists pontificate, huff, and puff but take no real action. Very few are ready to take the principled step of doing something to change the situation. It is time for an #IntegrityMovement, and in this piece, we see how to generate it, participate in it and act to make a difference. Survivalists and moralists who are persuaded their actions can lead to something meaningful in a reasonable time, like the principled, will do the right thing and do things right rather than join in the selfish and wicked corruption of Nigeria that keeps so many in poverty.

What is the theory of change here, and what role can we-the-people play? An #IntegrityMovement will: 

• Publish rules and procedures around eligibility and access to services, roles and responsibilities of service users and service providers, and make it clear to all. 
• In concert with the Ombudsman (or regulator as appropriate), ensure there are consequences for not doing the right thing or not doing it the right way and make those consequences clear to all. 
• Negotiate to ensure there is a higher authority to which one can appeal (separate from the offending party) when there is wrongdoing, and campaign till it is ready to act. 
• Meticulously collate evidence of the wrongdoing from we-the-people, supply it to the appropriate governmental party and supply it to the media so it can call the government out if they don’t act. 
• Be ready to follow up on complaints until they are resolved; it should also track when due process has been followed, so we-the-people can tell if things are improving or worsening. 

When the movement puts pressure this way, service providers are praised or shamed, which sets them up in competition against each other by service type, geography, government institution type, and so on. It also makes it easier for higher-ups to appease public agitation by seeing where they need to localise action to cool public outcry. The narrative then changes from fighting corruption to improving service delivery efficiency and effectiveness, which is necessary to reduce poverty in Nigeria.

The Maritime Anti-Corruption Network and their partner, the Convention on Business Integrity , have worked similarly in partnership with the Nigerian Government to reduce corruption in the vessel clearing process of the maritime sector. In 2019 there were 266 cases of demands for large unreceipted cash payments by government officials from Vessel Captains. This reduced to 128 incidents in 2020 and then 84 incidents in 2021 and has remained low so far in 2022. The actions taken to achieve these results involved the documentation of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and where these were flouted, a Grievance Reporting Mechanism to which reports could be made. These were housed with the Nigeria Shippers Council acting as an independent authority one can appeal to (Ombudsman), who then escalates the complaints received to the agencies concerned. The government strengthened the arrangement in 2020 by creating a Port Standing Task Team (PSTT - Shippers Council, Ports Authority, ICPC and DSS). They mete out consequences to erring officers and act as an accountability mechanism. The project also deployed a HelpDesk for captains to register their visits so that the number of port calls could be matched with the number of incidents and complaints for progress tracking.

Such a movement needs a group of five people willing and able to play the following roles: 

• An Advocate who can bring people together to start this small advocacy group and articulate the required reforms to the government (or service providers as the case may be); 
• An Activist that can collect evidence of grievances and voice with passion the damage being done to the people. 
• A Networker who can recruit people and expand the number of citizens willing to contribute their reports with evidence and raise resources for the activities. 
• A Mobilizer that can “nurture and protect people in the movement and build a culture of care”; and finally, 
• A Recruiter who helps to train participants on their rights and obligations and how to articulate the movement's objectives to others and to spread the word. 

If these five roles are replicated in every advocacy group to demand proper service delivery from the government (or service providers) and engage as an #IntegrityMovement such as described above, citizens would soon force a level of accountability from public figures. Imagine there were only five such groups working on ten issues in each state capital, such as healthcare, education, water supply, energy provision, etc. We could have two hundred and fifty people engaging the government in thirty-seven places making just under 10,000 advocates. As the movement grows, you multiply the groups, places, and the issues they work on, you would build a robust social network, especially as people start joining more than one group, and the groups share information on what works using the hashtag.

So, if there were an #IntegrityMovement, how would it approach the lawlessness that causes traffic jams? It would gather and publish online information on traffic rules and procedures, governmental bodies responsible for traffic and road safety management, their powers and what they ought to be doing to forestall such behaviour. It would identify the consequences for offenders and government officials who fail to act. It would then collect documentary, audio-visual, and other forms of evidence on the wrongdoing at a particular location and share it with an agency responsible for protecting the public and the media, and start pushing for action to be taken against offenders on both sides. It would recruit the affected people to submit reports with evidence and campaign around why it is so essential for this situation to change, with a clear indication of what is in it for them. Sustained media campaigns around the issues, with evidence and clear articulation of the reforms needed, would yield some ground to change. As people see the success of one group, and what works is publicly available, more groups will emerge to do a similar thing on traffic or some other issue.

As 2023 approaches, it is time for Nigerians to take charge of the change process and not imagine that this can come just from political campaign promises.

What has worked for you? Could you share it with #IntegrityMovement? Have a better idea? Lay it out at the #Integrity Movement. It is time for an #IntegrityMovement. The question is, “are you ready?”

About the Author

Soji Apampa co-founded The Convention on Business Integrity in 1997. He is an Executive Director for the Convention on Business Integrity and also serves as a Consultant on CBi projects. Mr. Apampa has served as a Senior Advisor to the UN Global Compact on the 10th Principle (anti-corruption) and consultant to the Inter-Agency Task Team of the Federal Republic of Nigeria tasked with the responsibility of developing a National Strategy to Combat Corruption. In his role as a consultant, Mr. Apampa has carried out numerous assignments for international organizations including the World Bank, DFID, UNDP, UN Global Compact, Heinrich Boell Foundation and many others.

Mr. Apampa has also worked in various roles in engineering, business and computing between 1987 and 2007. He was Managing Director of SAP Nigeria Ltd, and Regional Manager (West Africa), for SAP where he worked for 8 years since early 1999 championing ICT-supported governance reforms. Mr. Apampa graduated with a B.Eng. (Hons) in Civil & Structural Engineering from the University of Sheffield in 1987 and holds an MSc. in Governance & Finance from Liverpool John Moores University (2008) where he was member of faculty on the Corporate Governance Masters Programme at the European Center for Corporate Governance for one year. His research interests are in the area of Corporate Compliance and Political Economy Analyses in which he has led numerous, successful research projects. He can be reached vide [email protected] and twitter : @sojapa